Шпаргалка по командам и хоткеям Unix
Submitted by Ромка on Ср, 03/02/2010 - 14:08
Стянуто отсюда: http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/ch01.en.html
Хоткеи:
| key | description of key binding |
|---|---|
| Ctrl-U |
стереть тест перед курсором erase line before cursor |
| Ctrl-H |
стереть символ перед курсром erase a character before cursor |
| Ctrl-D | terminate input (exit shell if you are using shell) |
| Ctrl-C | terminate a running program |
| Ctrl-Z | temporarily stop program by moving it to the background job |
| Ctrl-S | halt output to screen |
| Ctrl-Q | reactivate output to screen |
| Ctrl-Alt-Del | reboot/halt the system, see inittab(5) |
| Left-Alt-key (optionally, Windows-key) | meta-key for Emacs and the similar UI |
| Up-arrow | start command history search under bash |
| Ctrl-R | start incremental command history search under bash |
| Tab | complete input of the filename to the command line under bash |
|
Ctrl-V Tab |
input Tab without expansion to the command line under bash |
Команды:
| command | description |
|---|---|
| pwd |
выводит текущую директорию display name of current/working directory |
| whoami |
выводит имя текущего юзера display current user name |
| id |
выводит id текущего юзера display current user identity (name, uid, gid, and associated groups) |
| file <foo> |
выводит тип файла, переданного в качестве аргумента display a type of file for the file "<foo>" |
| type -p <commandname> |
выводит расположение файла, вызывающегося при вводе команды display a file location of command "<commandname>" |
| which <commandname> | , , |
| type <commandname> |
выводит информацию о команде display information on command "<commandname>" |
| apropos <key-word> |
находит команды, связанные с переданным аргумеентом find commands related to "<key-word>" |
| man -k <key-word> | , , |
| whatis <commandname> | display one line explanation on command "<commandname>" |
| man -a <commandname> | display explanation on command "<commandname>" (Unix style) |
| info <commandname> | display rather long explanation on command "<commandname>" (GNU style) |
| ls | list contents of directory (non-dot files and directories) |
| ls -a | list contents of directory (all files and directories) |
| ls -A | list contents of directory (almost all files and directories, i.e., skip ".." and ".") |
| ls -la | list all contents of directory with detail information |
| ls -lai | list all contents of directory with inode number and detail information |
| ls -d | list all directories under the current directory |
| tree | display file tree contents |
| lsof <foo> | list open status of file "<foo>" |
| lsof -p <pid> | list files opened by the process ID: "<pid>" |
| mkdir <foo> | make a new directory "<foo>" in the current directory |
| rmdir <foo> | remove a directory "<foo>" in the current directory |
| cd <foo> | change directory to the directory "<foo>" in the current directory or in the directory listed in the variable "$CDPATH" |
| cd / | change directory to the root directory |
| cd | change directory to the current user's home directory |
| cd /<foo> | change directory to the absolute path directory "/<foo>" |
| cd .. | change directory to the parent directory |
| cd ~<foo> | change directory to the home directory of the user "<foo>" |
| cd - |
change directory to the previous directory |
| </etc/motd pager | display contents of "/etc/motd" using the default pager |
| touch <junkfile> | create a empty file "<junkfile>" |
| cp <foo> <bar> | copy a existing file "<foo>" to a new file "<bar>" |
| rm <junkfile> | remove a file "<junkfile>" |
| mv <foo> <bar> | rename an existing file "<foo>" to a new name "<bar>" ("<bar>" must not exist) |
| mv <foo> <bar> | move an existing file "<foo>" to a new location "<bar>/<foo>" (the directory "<bar>" must exist) |
| mv <foo> <bar>/<baz> | move an existing file "<foo>" to a new location with a new name "<bar>/<baz>" (the directory "<bar>" must exist but the directory "<bar>/<baz>" must not exist) |
| chmod 600 <foo> | make an existing file "<foo>" to be non-readable and non-writable by the other people (non-executable for all) |
| chmod 644 <foo> | make an existing file "<foo>" to be readable but non-writable by the other people (non-executable for all) |
| chmod 755 <foo> | make an existing file "<foo>" to be readable but non-writable by the other people (executable for all) |
| find . -name <pattern> | find matching filenames using shell "<pattern>" (slower) |
| locate -d . <pattern> | find matching filenames using shell "<pattern>" (quicker using regularly generated database) |
| grep -e "<pattern>" *.html | find a "<pattern>" in all files ending with ".html" in current directory and display them all |
| top | display process information using full screen, type "q" to quit |
|
ps aux | pager |
display information on all the running processes using BSD style output |
| ps -ef | pager | display information on all the running processes using Unix system-V style output |
| ps aux | grep -e "[e]xim4*" | display all processes running "exim" and "exim4" |
| ps axf | pager | display information on all the running processes with ASCII art output |
| kill <1234> | kill a process identified by the process ID: "<1234>" |
| gzip <foo> | compress "<foo>" to create "<foo>.gz" using the Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77) |
| gunzip <foo>.gz | decompress "<foo>.gz" to create "<foo>" |
| bzip2 <foo> | compress "<foo>" to create "<foo>.bz2" using the Burrows-Wheeler block sorting text compression algorithm, and Huffman coding (better compression than gzip) |
| bunzip2 <foo>.bz2 | decompress "<foo>.bz2" to create "<foo>" |
| tar -xvf <foo>.tar | extract files from "<foo>.tar" archive |
| tar -xvzf <foo>.tar.gz | extract files from gzipped "<foo>.tar.gz" archive |
| tar -xvf -j <foo>.tar.bz2 | extract files from "<foo>.tar.bz2" archive |
| tar -cvf <foo>.tar <bar>/ | archive contents of folder "<bar>/" in "<foo>.tar" archive |
| tar -cvzf <foo>.tar.gz <bar>/ | archive contents of folder "<bar>/" in compressed "<foo>.tar.gz" archive |
| tar -cvjf <foo>.tar.bz2 <bar>/ | archive contents of folder "<bar>/" in "<foo>.tar.bz2" archive |
| zcat README.gz | pager | display contents of compressed "README.gz" using the default pager |
| zcat README.gz > foo | create a file "foo" with the decompressed content of "README.gz" |
| zcat README.gz >> foo | append the decompressed content of "README.gz" to the end of the file "foo" (if it does not exist, create it first) |
1 Comment
Полезный набор быстрых
Submitted by Клим (не проверено) on
Полезный набор быстрых клавиш. По моему, некоторые из них в suse не работают, в третьем гноме.